5 Ways to Use Ostomy Bags Properly

Understanding Your Ostomy Supplies

Ostomy bags come in various types, including one-piece and two-piece systems, drainable and closed pouches, and options with different filters and adhesives. Before applying any ostomy bag, ensure you have the right size and type for your stoma. Measure your stoma regularly using a measuring guide, as its size may change, especially during the first few months after surgery. The flange (the adhesive part that attaches to the skin) should fit around your stoma with only 1/8 inch of clearance to prevent skin irritation and leakage.

Proper Application Techniques for Ostomy Bags

Applying your ostomy bag correctly is perhaps the most crucial aspect of ostomy care. Start with clean, dry skin around the stoma area. Remove any old adhesive residue with adhesive remover wipes, and clean the skin with water (not soap, which can leave residue). Pat the area dry completely before application.

For two-piece systems, attach the pouch to the barrier before applying to your body. When positioning the barrier, ensure the stoma is centered in the opening. Apply gentle pressure around the barrier, starting from the center and moving outward, holding for about 30 seconds to activate the adhesive. Many ostomates find that warming the barrier between their hands before application helps it adhere better.

How to Clean Your Stoma Properly

Stoma cleaning is a simple but essential part of ostomy care. When changing your ostomy appliance, use warm water and a soft, lint-free cloth to gently clean the stoma and surrounding skin. Contrary to popular belief, the stoma itself has no nerve endings, so cleaning it shouldn’t cause pain, though you may notice it bleeding slightly, which is normal due to its rich blood supply.

Avoid using soaps with oils, moisturizers, or fragrances as they can interfere with adhesion of your next appliance. Similarly, avoid alcohol-based products or baby wipes, which can dry or irritate the skin. After cleaning, inspect your stoma for any changes in size, color, or protrusion, and report significant changes to your healthcare provider.

Emptying and Changing Your Ostomy Bag

For drainable pouches, empty when they’re one-third to one-half full to prevent the weight from breaking the seal. To empty, position yourself over the toilet, unfold the bottom closure, and empty the contents. Clean the pouch end with toilet paper or baby wipes, then secure it closed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

A complete appliance change should typically occur every 3-7 days, though this varies based on individual needs. Plan your changes for when your digestive system is least active, often in the morning before eating. If you experience regular leakage before your scheduled change, consult with an ostomy nurse, as you might need a different product or application technique.

Do’s and Don’ts of Ostomy Bag Disposal

Proper disposal of used ostomy supplies is important for hygiene and environmental considerations. For used ostomy bags, empty the contents into the toilet first. Do wrap the used bag in toilet paper or place it in a disposal bag before putting it in a waste bin. Don’t flush ostomy bags, adhesive backings, or wipes down the toilet as they can cause plumbing issues.

When traveling, carry disposal bags specifically designed for ostomy waste. Many public restrooms have special disposal bins in the stalls. If these aren’t available, seal the used supplies in an odor-proof bag and dispose of them in regular waste containers. Some countries have specific regulations regarding medical waste disposal, so research local guidelines when traveling internationally.

Managing Common Ostomy Bag Challenges

Even with perfect technique, ostomates occasionally face challenges like leakage, skin irritation, or odor concerns. For leakage, check your stoma size regularly and ensure you’re using the correct size flange. Consider using barrier rings or strips for additional security. If you have uneven skin around your stoma, try using barrier paste to fill in creases.

For odor management, empty your pouch regularly and use deodorizing drops specifically designed for ostomy pouches. Some ostomates find that dietary changes help manage odor—foods like yogurt, buttermilk, and parsley can reduce odor, while eggs, fish, and some vegetables might increase it.

Skin irritation often indicates a problem with fit or application. If persistent redness or irritation occurs, consult with an ostomy nurse who can recommend specialized products like protective skin barriers, powders, or different adhesive options.

This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.